نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشآموختۀ دکترای تخصصی اخلاق اسلامی دانشگاه معارف اسلامی، قم، ایران.
2 دانشیار گروه فلسفه موسسه آموزشی و پژوهشی امام خمینی قم، قم، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
According to the According to the theory of Divine Proximity, moral value depends on both the intrinsic goodness of an act (husn fi'li) and the goodness of the agent's intention (husn fa'ili), defined as the intention of seeking closeness to God. Within this framework, faith in God and its prerequisites form the minimum threshold for moral value. This raises the question: are the actions of non-believers and polytheists, who lack this threshold, entirely devoid of moral value? This study evaluates the moral value of such actions using a descriptive-analytical method and rational and scriptural evidence. The findings show that the moral value of these actions varies. Disbelief or polytheism sometimes directly influences the actions, and non-believers or polytheists may be classified as either excusably ignorant (jahil qasir) or culpably ignorant (jahil muqassir). When excusably ignorant, actions performed with ethical intent, free from disbelief or polytheism, possess degrees of moral value and may qualify the individual for lower levels of Paradise. For culpably ignorant individuals, actions free from disbelief still carry relative moral value, which may mitigate punishment but not suffice for entry into Paradise. However, actions influenced by disbelief lack positive moral value and lead to greater distance from God and increased punishment.
کلیدواژهها [English]
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